Early Scottish essays in industrial health.

-Long before the Industrial Revolution and the coming of the machine age, Scottish craftsmen, like their colleagues south of the Border, had their Guilds and Incorporations to -safeguard their interests in professional matters and to look after the welfare of their decayed brethren.' The Common Chests of the Incorporations were sustained in several ways, partly by entrance fees, partly by membership 4ues, partly by charitable contributions, and partly by fines imposed on members for breaches of the Incorporation code.